Peran Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Rabies di Indonesia

  • Risqa Novita Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Biomedis dan Teknologi Dasar Kesehatan, Jalan Percetakan Negara No. 23 Jakarta 10560, Indonesia
Keywords: pelayanan kesehatan, post exposure prophylaxis, dan rabies center, health services, post-exposure prophylaxis, and rabies center

Abstract

Abstrak

Rabies di Indonesia telah berada sejak abad 18, namun hingga saat ini Indonesia belum bebas dari rabies. Hanya 8 provinsi di Indonesia yang bebas dari rabies yaitu DKI Jakarta, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, Bangka Belitung, Kepulauan Riau, Papua, dan Papua Barat, padahal Indonesia ditargetkan bebas rabies pada tahun 2030. Rabies tidak dapat diobati karena disebabkan oleh virus Lyssa, hanya dapat dicegah melalui pendekatan One Health yaitu kesehatan manusia, kesehatan hewan, satwa liar dan kesehatan lingkungan. Upaya pencegahan itu adalah dengan pemberian vaksinasi rabies ke Hewan Pembawa Rabies (HPR) dan pemberian Post Exposure Prophylaxys (PEP) pada manusia yang tergigit oleh HPR. Pemberian PEP hanya dapat dilakukan di Rabies center atau fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan primer yang ditunjuk oleh pemerintah. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peranan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan untuk mengendalikan rabies yang sudah tersebar di 26 provinsi. Metode berupa review literatur yang dicari menggunakan kata kunci Pelayanan Kesehatan Primer, Post Exposure Prophylaxis dan Rabies di Indonesia. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah peran fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan dalam mengendalikan rabies pada manusia sangat penting, dalam hal tatalaksana pertama kali terhadap korban penyediaan Vaksin Anti Rabies (VAR) dan promosi kesehatan. Rabies dapat dicegah dengan perilaku hidup sehat, sehingga peran fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang ditunjuk sebagai Rabies center dapat mengoptimalkan promosi kesehatan melalui pemberian leaflet, edukasi rabies di sekolah-sekolah dasar, pemasangan spanduk rabies dan pemutaran video rabies di puskesmas atau rumah sakit di ruang tunggu pasien sehingga pasien dapat melihat dan mengetahui mengenai rabies dan pencegahannya.

Kata kunci: pelayanan kesehatan, post exposure prophylaxis, dan rabies center

Abstract

Rabies has been in Indonesia since the 18th century, but until now Indonesia has not been free from rabies yet. Only 8 provinces in Indonesia are free from rabies, namely DKI Jakarta, Central of Java, East of Java, Jogyakarta, Bangka Belitung, The Riau Islands, Papua, and West Papua. Rabies could not be treated because it caused by the virus (named Lyssavirus), which only prevented by the approach of one health in human health, animal health and wildlife animals, and environmental health. Lyssa could be prevented by a rabies vaccine program to rabid animals and post-exposure prophylaxis (PPE) in humans who bitten by rabid animals. The provision of the PPE can only be done in Rabies center or primary health service facilities designated by the government. This writing aims to know the role of health service facilities in primary or public health centers to tackle rabies which has been spread in 26 provinces. A method of review literature that sought to use the keywords was Health services in primary, Post-exposure prophylaxis, and Rabies in Indonesia. Results were the role of health service facilities in the control of rabies in humans is very important, in terms of managing the provision of VAR and the promotion of health service. Rabies can be prevented with healthy patterns of living so that the role of health service facilities which was appointed for rabies center can optimize the promotion of health through the provision of leaflets, education in primary schools, setting banners rabies and screening of rabies in video health center or hospital patients in the waiting room so that the patient can see and know what rabies and it prevents.

Keywords: health services, post-exposure prophylaxis, and rabies center

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Published
2019-09-06
How to Cite
Novita, R. (2019). Peran Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan dalam Menghadapi Tantangan Rabies di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pelayanan Kesehatan, 3(2), 94-105. https://doi.org/10.22435/jpppk.v3i2.2005
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Articles