Pelaksanaan Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek di Beberapa Kota Indonesia
Abstract
Abstrak
Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 73 tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek antara lain menyatakan bahwa apoteker dalam menjalankan pekerjaan kefarmasian di apotek harus menerapkan standar pelayanan kefarmasian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan standar pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang (cross sectional) dilakukan pada Februari-November 2017. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara purposif berdasarkan sistem regionalisasi Badan Pengelola Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) bidang kesehatan, yaitu ibukota Provinsi Jawa Barat, Jawa Timur, Sumatera Selatan. Nusa Tenggara Barat, Aceh, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Selatan, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Tengah, Maluku Utara dan Papua. Sampel meliputi 21 apotek yang bekerjasama dengan BPJS Kesehatan di 11 ibu kota provinsi penelitian. Alat pengumpul data berupa daftar tilik standar pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio jumlah apoteker per apotek 1,8 dan kecukupan apoteker untuk pelayanan resep pasien per hari tanpa bantuan tenaga teknis kefarmasian sebesar 66,7%. Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek belum dilaksanakan secara lengkap, rerata pelaksanaan standar pengelolaan sediaan farmasi (98,4%) lebih tinggi daripada pelaksanaan standar pelayanan farmasi klinik (73,8%). Dalam upaya meningkatkan pelaksanaan SPKA disarankan agar apoteker meningkatkan kompetensi pelayanan kefarmasian di apotek, organisasi profesi melakukan pendidikan berkelanjutan terhadap apoteker dan Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten/Kota membuat kebijakan, melakukan pembinaan dan monitoring/evaluasi secara berkala.
Kata kunci: apotek, farmasi klinik, pengelolaan sediaan farmasi, tenaga kefarmasian
Abstract
Minister of Health Regulation No. 73 of 2016 on the Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Pharmacy, states that pharmacists should comply and apply the standards. This study aims to identify the implementation of pharmaceutical service standards in pharmacies. The research was cross-sectional and conducted in February-November 2017. The selection of research locations was conducted purposively based on the regionalization system of the BPJS Kesehatan. They were 11 capital cities of provinces, namely West Java, East Java, South Sumatra, West Nusa Tenggara, Special regional of Aceh, North Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, South Kalimantan, Central Kalimantan, North Maluku, and Papua. The sample included 21 pharmacies in collaboration with BPJS Kesehatan (Social Security Administrator for Health) in 11 capital cities of the provinces. Data were collected by using a checklist of pharmacy service standards. Data analysis was performed descriptively. The results showed that the ratio of the number of pharmacists per pharmacy was 1.8 and the adequacy of pharmacists for prescription services for patients per day without the help of pharmaceutical technical personnel was 66.7%. Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Pharmacy have not been fully implemented. The average implementation of pharmaceutical preparation management standards (98.4%) is higher than the implementation of clinical pharmaceutical service standards (73.8%). In order to improve the implementation of Pharmaceutical Service Standards, it is recommended that pharmacists increase the competency of services in pharmacies, professional organizations conduct continuing education of pharmacists and the District Health Office should develop policies, conducts training, and periodically strengthen the monitoring and evaluation on the compliance to this standard.
Keywords: pharmacy, clinical pharmacy, pharmaceutical management, pharmaceutical personnel
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