Penggunaan Antibiotik Profilaksis pada Bedah Bersih di Rumah Sakit di Jakarta
Abstract
Abstrak
Penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis bedah yang tidak tepat dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya Infeksi Luka Operasi (ILO) dan resistensi obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai ketepatan penggunaan antibiotik profilaksis bedah pada bedah bersih di rumah sakit (RS) di Jakarta. Penelitian ini merupakan studi potong lintang di sebuah RS pemerintah di Jakarta. Data yang diambil berasal dari rekam medis pasien dewasa yang menjalani pembedahan dengan kriteria kelas luka bedah bersih. Data diambil pada periode 1 Januari hingga 31 Desember 2013. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif berdasarkan pedoman penggunaan antibiotik baik nasional maupun internasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 837 pasien menjalani bedah bersih pada periode tersebut. Bedah yang banyak dilakukan adalah bedah abdominal (30%) dan thorak-non kardiak (23,5%) dan lebih dari 96% merupakan bedah elektif. Jenis antibiotik yang paling banyak digunakan adalah siprofloksasin (56,5%). Keseluruhan kesesuaian antibiotik profilaksis adalah 27,7% tepat indikasi prosedur bedah dan hanya 0,5% yang tepat obat. Sebagai kesimpulan, ketepatan penggunaaan antibiotik profilasis di salah satu RS di Jakarta masih rendah. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tepat dapat menurunkan risiko ILO dan mengurangi biaya pengobatan dengan mengurangi peresepan yang tidak perlu dan durasi penggunaan antibiotik.
Kata kunci: antibiotik, bedah bersih, ketepatan, profilaksis
Abstract
Inappropriate use of surgical prophylactic antibiotics can increase the risk of Surgical Site Infections (SSI) and drug resistance. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness use of surgical prophylactic antibiotics in clean surgery wounds in a hospital in Jakarta. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a government hospital in Jakarta. Data were collected from medical records of adult patients undergoing surgery with clean surgical wound criteria from January 1 to December 31, 2013. Data were analyzed descriptively based on guidelines for antibiotics use both nationally and internationally. The result showed 837 patients classified into the clean surgical wound during this period. The most common surgeries were abdominal surgery (39%) and non-cardiac thoracic (23.5%) and more than 96% were elective surgeries. The overall antibiotic prophylactic appropriateness showed 27.7% in surgical procedures and only 0.5% in choice of antibiotics. In conclusion, the appropriateness of surgery antibiotics prophylactic use in one of the hospitals in Jakarta was still low. Appropriate use of antibiotics can reduce the risk of SSI and cost treatment by reducing unnecessary prescribing and duration of antibiotics use.
Keywords: antibiotic, appropriate, prophylactic, clean surgery
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