KARAKTERISTIK SOSIAL KELUARGA, FUNGSI TIROID, DAN RISIKO ANEMIA PADA BALITA DI DAERAH REPLETE GAKI
Abstract
Latar Belakang. Sepertiga populasi dunia menderita anemia, setengahnya karena defisiensi zat besi. Prevalensi anemia pada balita di Indonesia meningkat menjadi 38,5 persen. Faktor yang berhubungan dengan anemia pada balita sangat kompleks dan multidimensional. Di satu sisi, anemia juga dapat mengganggu fungsi tiroid. Anemia di daerah replete GAKI mempunyai efek merugikan pada fungsi tiroid. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang berhubungan dengan status anemia pada balita dan hubungan fungsi tiroid dengan anemia di daerah replete GAKI. Metode. Penelitian potong lintang yang dilakukan pada 229 balita berusia 6 – 48 bulan (93 anemia, 136 normal) yang tinggal di daerah replete GAKI. Karakteristik subjek diperoleh dengan cara wawancara. Pengukuran antropometri dilakukan untuk menghitung status gizi balita. Sampel darah dianalisis untuk pemeriksaan fT4, TSH, dan hemoglobin. Dikategorikan anemia apabila kadar hemoglobin <110 g/L untuk anak usia 6-48 bulan. Hasil. Diketahui 93 (40,6%) balita menderita anemia dan disfungsi tiroid paling banyak adalah hipotiroid subklinik (12,6%) balita. Variabel dominan yang memengaruhi status anemia adalah umur balita, pendidikan ibu, pekerjaan ibu, dan kategori dari kadar TSH. Balita berumur 24–35 bulan mempunyai risiko 4,6 kali menderita anemia dibandingkan balita berumur 6–11 bulan. Balita dengan ibu berpendidikan rendah mempunyai risiko 8,6 kali menderita anemia dibandingkan ibu berpendidikan tinggi. Balita dengan hipertiroid subklinik mempunyai risiko 8,3 kali menderita anemia dibandingkan balita eutiroid. Kesimpulan. Penelitian ini menemukan prevalensi anemia yang tinggi pada balita di daerah replete GAKI. Anak-anak dengan hipertiroid subklinik, usia 24-35 bulan, dan memiliki ibu dengan pendidikan rendah berhubungan dengan tingginya risiko kejadian anemia di daerah replete GAKI
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