MEROKOK, KONSUMSI ALKOHOL, MAKANAN DAN MINUMAN TERCEMAR E. COLI KAITANNYA DENGAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL
Abstract
Latar Belakang. Prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil secara global masih cukup tinggi. WHO melaporkan pada tahun 2011 prevalensi sebesar 38 persen. Sedangkan data nasional menyebutkan prevalensi anemia pada ibu hamil cenderung meningkat. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan anemia dengan konsumsi alkohol, kebiasaan merokok, kontaminasi E. coli pada makanan dan minuman yang dikonsumsi ibu hamil. Metode. Penelitian cross-sectional, dilakukan di dua kelurahan di Kota Bogor. Sampel berjumlah 134 ibu hamil dengan usia kehamilan 0-9 bulan yang berasal dari database riset Kohor Tumbuh Kembang Anak Tahun 2013. Sampel analisis berjumlah 96 ibu hamil yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi antara lain tinggal menetap di wilayah penelitian, bersedia diperiksa darah, dan mengizinkan makanan yang dikonsumsi untuk diperiksa di laboratorium. Data dianalisis dengan uji regresi logistik. Variabel dependen adalah status anemia pada ibu hamil. Variabel independen adalah status E. coli pada makanan dan minuman yang dikonsumsi ibu hamil, perilaku konsumsi alkohol, dan perilaku merokok. Hasil. Terdapat 37,5 persen ibu hamil yang merokok menderita anemia (p=0,233) dan konsumsi alkohol 75 persen menderita anemia (p=0,024). Ibu hamil yang mengonsumsi makanan dan minuman tercemar E. coli menderita anemia masing-masing sebesar 37,1 persen (p=0,003) dan 34,5 persen (p=0,036). Ibu hamil yang mengonsumsi alkohol mempunyai peluang terbesar menderita anemia. Variabel yang berinteraksi sebagai model penentu anemia adalah konsumsi alkohol dengan minuman yang tercemar E. coli. Kesimpulan. Anemia pada ibu hamil berhubungan dengan faktor perilaku konsumsi alkohol, makanan dan minuman yang tercemar E. coli.
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