PERLUKAH WANITA HAMIL MENDAPAT SUPLEMENTASI IODIUM ?
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Perlindungan wanita hamil dari kekurangan iodium merupakan salah satu kebijakan perbaikan gizi di Indonesia. Kekurangan iodium pada wanita hamil selain berdampak buruk pada ibu juga mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin terutama organ otak. Di Indonesia saat ini, sumber utama asupan iodium berasal dari konsumsi ikan laut dan garam konsumsi beriodium. Akan tetapi tidak semua wanita hamil dapat dengan mudah mendapatkan iodium yang cukup selama kehamilannya. Data proporsi penduduk Indonesia yang mengonsumsi ikan laut sebesar 42,6% dengan rerata konsumsi ikan laut per orang per hari sebesar 25,5 gram. Garam beriodium sesuai SNI mensyaratkan mengandung 30 ppm iodium (KIO3). Dengan perkiraan konsumsi garam beriodium 10 gram per orang per hari, wanita hamil hanya mendapatkan 178 µg iodium dari kebutuhan yang dianjurkan sebesar 250 µg per hari. Bukti empiris menunjukkan bahwa rata – rata konsumsi garam di Indonesia sekitar 5 – 8 gram per orang per hari sehingga asupan iodium harian wanita hamil semakin jauh berkurang dari kebutuhan. Keadaan ini diperberat dengan cakupan rumah tangga mengonsumsi garam beriodium cukup mengandung iodium selama lebih dari 3 dekade hanya berkisar 60% sampai <80%. Hasil Riskesdas 2013 menunjukkan proporsi rumah tangga mengonsumsi garam beriodium cukup berdasarkan hasil tes cepat sebesar 77,1% (target >90%). Sedangkan indikator kecukupan asupan iodium menunjukkan bahwa median ekskresi iodium urin (EIU) wanita hamil di perkotaan dan perdesaan di Indonesia 163 µg/L (adekuat 150 – 249 µg/L), mendekati batas batas bawah (marjinal). Oleh karena itu, suplementasi iodium pada wanita hamil sebagai alternatif sementara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan iodium wanita hamil perlu dipertimbangkan untuk menggunakan dosis harian 150 µg per hari.
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