PENGARUH PEMBERIAN KEDELAI DAN SUSU TINGGI KALSIUM TERHADAP FUNGSI TIROID DAN MASSA TULANG PADA TIKUS HIPERTIROID

Sri Nuryani Wahyuningrum; Hastin Dyah Kusumawardani; Ismi Setianingsih; alfien susbiantonny; Candra Puspitasari; Catur Wijayanti

doi:10.22435/mgmi.v9i1.571

Sri Nuryani Wahyuningrum
Hastin Dyah Kusumawardani
Ismi Setianingsih
alfien susbiantonny
Candra Puspitasari
Catur Wijayanti

DOI: https://doi.org/10.22435/mgmi.v9i1.571

Keywords: densitas massa tulang, hipertiroid, susu, kedelai, hormon tiroid

Abstract

Latar belakang. Hipertiroid merupakan masalah gangguan hormonal yang cukup banyak terjadi, disamping diabetes melitus dan osteoporosis. Hipertiroid memiliki risiko kejadian 2-5%. Kasus hipertiroid di Klinik Litbang GAKI semakin bertambah tiap tahun, terdapat 141 kasus (29,9%) di tahun 2014 dan 181 kasus (39,5%) di tahun 2015. Kondisi hipertiroid menyebabkan hipermetabolisme pada tulang, antara lain meningkatkan proses penggantian tulang hingga dua kali lipat dan meningkatkan risiko hilangnya mineral tulang. Tujuan. Membuat formula pangan dari bahan dasar kedelai dan susu, kemudian menilai pengaruh formula tersebut terhadap fungsi tiroid dan massa tulang pada tikus hipertiroid. Metode. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pre-klinis eksperimental menggunakan hewan coba tikus putih Galur Wistar betina, usia tiga bulan, berat badan 200±50 gram. Tikus diadaptasikan selama satu minggu, kemudian dibuat hipertiroid menggunakan euthyrax secara oral dengan dosis 50 µg/hari, selama enam minggu. Kondisi hipertiroid pada tikus diketahui dengan analisis kadar TSH dan fT4. Tikus dibagi empat kelompok secara random, yaitu: (1) kelompok kontrol positif, (2) kelompok Propiltiourasil (PTU), (3) kelompok formula pangan (FP), (4) kelompok PTU+FP. Tiap kelompok diberi perlakuan selama enam minggu. Formula dibuat dengan perbandingan kedelai : susu yaitu 2,7 : 3. Kadar TSH, fT4, PTH dan kalsitonin dianalisis dengan metode ELISA, sedangkan densitas massa tulang dianalisis menggunakan metode digital microradiography. Hasil. Penelitian ini mendapatkan formula dengan kandungan kalsium 0,92%, protein 28%, fosfor 0,53%, iodium 24,2 ppm, genistein 94,4 mg/g dan daidzein 36,1 mg/g. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara kadar TSH, FT4, kalsitonin dan densitas massa tulang antar kelompok pada saat sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, namun densitas massa tulang pada kelompok yang diberikan formula menunjukkan tren peningkatan paling tinggi. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna kadar hormon paratiroid, dimana tren peningkatan paling tinggi terdapat pada kelompok yang diberikan formula. Kesimpulan. Formula yang diberikan selama enam minggu belum dapat memperbaiki fungsi tiroid dan densitas massa tulang pada tikus hipertiroid.

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