PENELITIAN ANEMIA PADA SIKLUS 270 HARI PERTAMA KEHIDUPAN DAN USIA IBU DENGAN BERAT BAYI LAHIR RENDAH
Abstract
Latar belakang. Anemia merupakan tahap akhir defisiensi zat besi. Kekurangan zat besi pada siklus 270 hari pertama kehidupan dapat membawa dampak buruk pada periode kehidupan selanjutnya. WHO merekomendasikan seluruh wanita hamil agar mendapatkan suplementasi zat besi. Namun, faktanya prevalensi anemia masih tinggi pada kelompok ibu hamil. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kejadian anemia pada 270 hari pertama kehidupan dan usia ibu terhadap berat bayi lahir. Metode. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tiga Puskesmas di Sukoharjo, Indonesia pada Febuari-April 2018. Pemilihan tiga Puskesmas dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan jumlah populasi 670 ibu. Sebanyak 129 ibu terpilih, subjek merupakan ibu yang memiliki balita (12-24 bulan). Subjek diwawancara menggunakan kuesioner sosio demografi, sedangkan data anemia didapat dari buku KIA. Analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik untuk mengetahui faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan berat bayi lahir. Penentuan rasio menggunakan Confidence Interval (CI) 95% untuk menentukan kekuatan hubungan. Nilai p <0.05 digunakan untuk menyatakan signifikansi statistik. Hasil. Dari 129 ibu, sebanyak 100 (77,5%) mengalami anemia pada siklus 0-90 hari; 83 (64,3%) pada siklus 91-180 hari; 123 (95,3%) pada siklus 181-270 hari; dan 73 (56,6%) memiliki usia risiko kehamilan. Hasil uji regresi logistik, anemia pada siklus 0-90 hari dan 91-180 hari tidak ada hubungan yang bermakna dengan berat bayi lahir (p>0.05), sedangkan anemia pada siklus 181-270 hari (p=0.01;OR=6.14) dan usia risiko kehamilan (p=0.03;OR=2.81) berhubungan dengan berat bayi lahir. Kekurangan zat besi pada siklus 181-270 hari pertama kehidupan dan usia ibu hamil yang rentan berkontribusi pada berat lahir bayi. Kesimpulan. Probabilitas ibu anemia pada siklus 181-270 hari pertama kehidupan dan memiliki usia risiko kehamilan dalam melahirkan bayi dengan Berat Bayi Lahir Rendah (BBLR) sebesar 7,63%.
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