HUBUNGAN KETERSEDIAAN PANGAN KELUARGA MISKIN, ASUPAN PROTEIN, DAN ZINK DENGAN PERTUMBUHAN ANAK UMUR 12-24 BULAN PADA SIKLUS 1000 HARI PERTAMA KEHIDUPAN
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Latar Belakang. Seribu Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK) adalah periode emas pertumbuhan seorang anak. Pada periode ini dibutuhkan gizi yang seimbang dan tepat. Gizi seimbang pada 1000 HPK terkait dengan ketersediaan pangan rumah tangga. Keadaan sosial ekonomi keluarga akan berpengaruh terhadap kualitas maupun kuantitas bahan makanan yang dikonsumsi keluarga. Kurangnya variasi dan jumlah makanan yang dikonsumsi terutama bahan pangan yang berfungsi untuk menunjang pertumbuhan seperti sumber protein, lemak, vitamin, dan mineral akan meningkatkan risiko kekurangan gizi yang berdampak pada pertumbuhan anak. Tujuan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan ketersediaan pangan keluarga miskin, asupan protein, dan zink dengan pertumbuhan anak bawah dua tahun pada siklus 1000 HPK. Metode. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional analitik yang dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo yang meliputi tiga wilayah kecamatan, yaitu Kecamatan Sukoharjo, Mojolaban, dan Baki dengan desain potong lintang. Subjek penelitian adalah anak bawah dua tahun (baduta) umur 12-24 bulan dari keluarga miskin menurut data kecamatan atau desa sebanyak 130 anak. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan bermakna antara ketersediaan pangan keluarga miskin dengan pertumbuhan pada anak bawah dua tahun (baduta) (p=0,923). Ada hubungan bermakna antara asupan protein dan zink dengan pertumbuhan pada anak baduta (p=0,000). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa asupan zink yang cukup secara signifikan mampu meningkatkan peluang 1,521 kali seorang anak tumbuh baik sesuai grafik pertumbuhan WHO. Kesimpulan. Ketersediaan pangan keluarga miskin yang memiliki anak umur 12-24 bulan di Kabupaten Sukoharjo sebagian besar dalam keadaan terjamin, namun asupan protein dan zink pada anak baduta masih kurang dibandingkan dengan Angka Kecukupan Gizi (AKG) harian anak umur 12-24 bulan. Anak baduta yang mendapatkan cukup asupan zink memiliki peluang 1,521 kali mengalami pertumbuhan baik sesuai dengan grafik standar WHO di KMS.
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