SUPLEMENTASI VITAMIN A PADA ANAK USIA 6–59 BULAN DI INDONESIA: DISTRIBUSI DAN PERSPEKTIF SPASIAL
Abstract
Latar Belakang. Suplementasi vitamin A belum menjangkau seluruh anak Indonesia usia 6–59 bulan. Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis secara spasial cakupan suplementasi vitamin A dan hubungannya dengan kejadian diare pada anak di Indonesia. Metode. Studi ekologi dengan pendekatan spasial ini menganalisis data yang dikumpulkan oleh Kementerian Kesehatan RI pada tahun 2021. Populasi studi adalah anak-anak berusia 6–59 bulan di Indonesia, dengan sampel seluruh anak yang mendapat suplementasi vitamin A yang tercatat dalam profil kesehatan Indonesia tahun 2021. Penelitian ini menganalisis cakupan vitamin A pada 34 provinsi di Indonesia dan kejadian diare pada anak. Analisis regresi spasial dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan perangkat lunak QGIS versi 3.10 dan Geoda sebagai instrumen penelitian. Hasil. Hasil pemetaan cakupan vitamin A menunjukkan terdapat 22 provinsi dengan cakupan di atas 81 persen dan satu provinsi dengan cakupan di bawah 25 persen. Terdapat autokorelasi spasial secara mengelompok (Moran's I= 0,549, dengan Io= -0,0303) antar provinsi dalam cakupan vitamin A. Kejadian diare pada balita memiliki autokorelasi positif dengan cakupan vitamin A (Moran's I= 0,659, dengan Io =-0,0303) dan membentuk pola klaster. Analisis regresi spasial lag memperkuat temuan terdapatnya autokorelasi spasial antara kejadian diare dan cakupan vitamin A (koefisien=0,171; p value= 0,0464), dan variabel cakupan vitamin A memiliki pengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kejadian diare (p=0.0000). Analisis dengan metode local indicator of spatial association (LISA) menemukan bahwa provinsi Banten, Jawa Barat, dan Jawa Tengah berada pada kuadran High-High, sedangkan provinsi DKI Jakarta dan DI Yogyakarta berada di kuadran Low-High, serta provinsi Papua dan Papua Barat berada pada kuadran Low-Low. Kesimpulan. Terdapat heterogenitas pola spasial pada cakupan vitamin A dan terdapat hubungan autokorelasi spasial antar kejadian diare dan cakupan vitamin A antar provinsi di Indonesia. Dibutuhkan perencanaan sistematis untuk mengatasi kesenjangan program suplementasi vitamin A dan memastikan peningkatan cakupan untuk peningkatan kualitas kesehatan anak.
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