Studi Filariasis Pasca Pemberian Obat Pencegahan Massal (POPM) Filariasis Tahap III Kabupaten Muara Enim Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Tahun 2016

Study of post-mass drug administration phase III for lymphatic filariasis in Muara Enim Regency South Sumatera Province, 2016

Abstract

Abstract

Muara Enim is an endemic lymphatic filariasis district in South Sumatera
Province. Microfilaria rate reported in 2009 was 10.3%. Filarial prevention mass
drug administration (MDA) was simultaneously carried out since 2013. The
objectives of the study were to identify the lymphatic filariasis situation
(microfilaria rate, history of drugs administration, vector species and larval
habitat) after the introduction of third phase filariasis prevention drugs. Study
design was cross sectional study, which located in Penanggiran and Cinta Kasih
Village, Muara Enim District in 2015. Sampling was done by examination of
finger blood at night from 19:00 to 24:00. The history of taking MDA was asked to
the villagers > 15 years old that were taken finger blood speciments. The catching
of adult mosquitoes was done once by human landing collection method for 12
hours (18.00-06.00). Observation of larvae was conducted in larval breeding
habitats.The results found one sample Brugia malayi mikrofilaria species
positive of 726 from the sentinel village of sentinel. Microfilarial rate was 0.29%.
The dominant mosquito vector species was Culex quinquefasciatus. The
mosquito larvae were found in the marsh area. We found only 22% of 537
respondents has been taking the drug three times for three years.

Abstrak

Muara Enim merupakan daerah endemis filariasis di Provinsi Sumatera
Selatan. Mikrofilaria rate dilaporkan tahun 2009 sebesar 10,3%. Pemberian
obat pencegahan massal serentak dilakukan sejak tahun 2013. Tujuan
penelitian mengetahui gambaran filariasis (mikrofilaria rate, riwayat minum
obat, spesies nyamuk dan habitat larva) pasca-Pemberian Obat Pencegahan
Massal (pasca-POPM) filariasis tahap tiga. Desain penelitian studi potong
lintang, lokasi penelitian di Desa Penanggiran dan Cinta Kasih. Pengambilan
sampel dengan cara pemeriksaan darah jari pada malam hari dimulai pukul
19.00-24.00 WIB terhadap seluruh penduduk desa yang datang pada saat
survei darah jari (SDJ). Riwayat minum obat pencegahan ditanyakan pada
penduduk yang diambil spesimen darah jari berumur >15 tahun. Penangkapan
nyamuk dewasa dilakukan masing-masing satu kali di desa lokasi penelitian
dengan metode human landing collection selama 12 jam (18.00–06.00 WIB).
Pengamatan dan pencidukan larva pada habitat perkembangbiakan larva.
Hasil pemeriksaan darah terhadap 726 orang ditemukan satu orang positif
mikrofilaria dengan spesies Brugia malayi dengan Mf rate sebesar 0,29%.
Frekuensi minum obat massal filariasis selama tiga tahun POPM dari 537
responden hanya sebesar 22,0%. Spesies nyamuk yang dominan ditemukan
Culex quinquefasciatus. Larva nyamuk vektor filariasis ditemukan di rawa.
Disarankan sosialisasi, pentingnya minum obat pencegahan filariasis dan
peningkatan praktik pencegahan untuk mengurangi kontak dengan nyamuk.