INFEKSI HANTAVIRUS PADA TIKUS DOMESTIK, PERIDOMESTIK DAN SILVATIK DI PULAU SULAWESI
HANTAVIRUS INFECTION IN DOMESTIC, PERIDOMESTIC AND SILVATIC RATS IN SULAWESI ISLAND
Abstract
Hantavirus infection is one of zoonotic diseases as a major global threat for human health. Anthropologic, biologic, and cultural factors contribute in the transmission of the infection in Sulawesi. In Sulawesi, some communities have a tradition of eating rat meat. A total of 52 endemic rats species is found in the area. The objective of this study were to identify the species of rats acting as hantavirus reservoir and the percentage of hantavirus seropositive in domestic, peridomestic and silvatic rats in the area. The study was conducted in four provinces, namely Central (year of 2015), North and South East (2016) and South Sulawesi (2017). Three districts of each provinces were selected. The rats captured were identified, and blood sample from each was drawn. Hantavirus infection was identified by an Elisa. The data obtained were presented descriptively. A total of 1259 rats were captured, consisted of eight genus and 27 species, ten of which were seropositive, for hantavirus infection. Six out of ten seropositive rats were record as new record of hantavirus reservoir, namely B. coelestis, B. chyssocomus, B. fratotum, B. prolatus, R. nitidus, and R. hoffmanni. The highest percentage of seropositive Hantavirus was found in peridomestic rats (5.06), while in silvic rats 4.60 and domestic rats 3.46. It is necessary to do hygiene and sanitation campaign and socialization of risks for hantavirus transmission.
Abstrak
Infeksi hantavirus adalah zoonosis yang telah menjadi ancaman kesehatan global dengan tikus sebagai reservoir utama zoonosis ini. Secara biologi dan antropologi penularan hantavirus rentan terjadi di Pulau Sulawesi karena di pulau ini mempunyai 52 spesies tikus endemik dan sebagian kecil masyarakat di Sulawesi mempunyai kebiasaan mengonsumsi daging tikus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies-spesies tikus yang berperan sebagai reservoir hantavirus dan menghitung persentase seropositif hantavirus pada tikus domestik, peridomestik dan silvatik di Pulau Sulawesi. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2015 di Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah, tahun 2016 di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara dan Sulawesi Tenggara, serta tahun 2017 di Sulawesi Selatan. Penangkapan tikus dilakukan di tiga kabupaten pada setiap provinsi. Tikus tertangkap diidentifikasi dan diambil spesimen darahnya. Pemeriksaan serologi dengan menggunakan teknik Elisa. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tikus tertangkap sebanyak 1.259 ekor yang terdiri dari delapan genus dan 27 spesies. Sepuluh spesies seropositif terhadap hantavirus, enam diantaranya merupakan catatan baru sebagai reservoir hantavirus. Keenam spesies tersebut adalah Bunomys coelestis, B. chyssocomus, B. fratotum, B. prolatus, R. nitidus, dan R. hoffmanni. Persentase tikus seropositif terhadap hantavirus tertinggi ditemukan pada tikus peridomestik (5,06), sedangkan pada tikus silvatik 4,60 dan tikus domestik 3,46. Perlu dilakukan kampanye peningkatan sanitasi serta sosialisasi ke masyarakat terkait risiko penularan hantavirus.
References
Blasdell, Kim, Cosson, J.F., Chaval, Y., Herbreteau, V., Douangboupha, B., Jittapalapong, S., Lundqvist, A., Hugot, J.P., Morand, S., Buchy, P., 2011. Rodent-borne hantaviruses in Cambodia, Lao PDR, and Thailand. Ecohealth 8, 432–443.
Blasdell, KR, Morand, S., Chaval, Y., Herbreteau, V., Douangboupha, B., Jittapalapong, S., Cosson, J., Buchy, P., 2011. Hantaviruses and the dilution effect in Southeast Asia. BMC Proc. 5, P53.
Cantoni, G., Padula, P., Calderón, G., Mills, J., Herrero, E., Sandoval, P., Martinez, V., Pini, N., Larrieu, E., 2001. Seasonal variation in prevalence of antibody to hantaviruses in rodents from southern Argentina. Trop. Med. Int. Heal. 6, 811–816.
Castel, G., Tordo, N., Plyusnin, A., 2017. Estimation of main diversification time-points of hantaviruses using phylogenetic analyses of complete genomes. Virus Res. 233, 60–69.
Clement, J., LeDuc, J.W., Lloyd, G., Reynes, J.M., Reynes, J., McElhinney, L., Lee, H.W., 2019. Wild rats, laboratory rats, pet rats: Global seoul hantavirus disease revisited. Viruses 11, 1–29.
Forbes, K.M., Sironen, T., Plyusnin, A., 2018. Hantavirus maintenance and transmission in reservoir host populations. Curr. Opin. Virol. 28, 1–6.
Friant, S., Paige, S.B., Goldberg, T.L., 2015. Drivers of Bushmeat Hunting and Perceptions of Zoonoses in Nigerian Hunting Communities. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 9, 1–16.
Gravinatti, M.L., Barbosa, C.M., Soares, R.M., Gregori, F., 2020. Synanthropic rodents as virus reservoirs and transmitters. Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop. 53, 1–11.
Hamdan, N.E.S., Ng, Y.L., Lee, W. Bin, Tan, C.S., Khan, F.A.A., Chong, Y.L., 2017. Rodent Species Distribution and Hantavirus Seroprevalence in Residential and Forested areas of Sarawak, Malaysia. Trop. Life Sci. Res. 28, 151–159.
Hofmann, J., Weiss, S., Kuhns, M., Zinke, A., Heinsberger, H., Kruger, D.H., 2018. Importation of human Seoul virus infection to Germany from Indonesia. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 24, 1099–1102.
Huang, Z.Y.X., Van Langevelde, F., Estrada-Peña, A., Suzán, G., De Boer, W.F., 2016. The diversity-disease relationship: Evidence for and criticisms of the dilution effect. Parasitology 143, 1075–1086.
Jiang, H., Zheng, X., Wang, L., Du, H., Wang, P., Bai, X., 2017. Hantavirus infection: a global zoonotic challenge. Virol. Sin. 32, 32–43.
Keesing, F., Holt, R.D., Ostfeld, R.S., 2006. Effects of species diversity on disease risk. Ecol. Lett. 9, 485–498.
Khalil, H., Hörnfeldt, B., Evander, M., Magnusson, M., Olsson, G., Ecke, F., 2014. Dynamics and Drivers of Hantavirus Prevalence in Rodent Populations. Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. 14, 537–551.
Kim, J.A., Kim, W.K., No, J.S., Lee, S.H., Lee, S.Y., Kim, J.H., Kho, J.H., Lee, D., Song, D.H., Gu, S.H., Jeong, S.T., Park, M.S., Kim, H.C., Klein, T.A., Song, J.W., 2016. Genetic Diversity and Reassortment of Hantaan Virus Tripartite RNA Genomes in Nature, the Republic of Korea. PLoS Negl. Trop. Dis. 10.
Latinne, A., Saputro, S., Kalengkongan, J., Kowel, C.L., Gaghiwu, L., Ransaleleh, T.A., Nangoy, M.J., Wahyuni, I., Kusumaningrum, T., Safari, D., Feferholtz, Y., Li, H., Hagan, E., Miller, M., Francisco, L., Daszak, P., Olival, K.J., Pamungkas, J., 2020. Characterizing and quantifying the wildlife trade network in Sulawesi, Indonesia. Glob. Ecol. Conserv. 21, e00887.
Lehmer, E.M., Korb, J., Bombaci, S., McLean, N., Ghachu, J., Hart, L., Kelly, A., Jara-Molinar, E., O’Brien, C., Wright, K., 2012. The interplay of plant and animal disease in a changing landscape: The role of sudden aspen decline in moderating sin nombre virus prevalence in natural deer mouse populations. Ecohealth 9, 205–216.
Lukman, Kosasih, Ibrahim, Pradana, Neal, Karyana, 2019. A Review of Hantavirus Research in Indonesia: Prevalence in Humans and Rodents, and the Discovery of Serang Virus. Viruses 11, 698.
Maurice, A.D.S., Ervin, E., Schumacher, M., Yaglom, H., Vinhatton, E., Melman, S., Komatsu, K., House, J., Peterson, D., Buttke, D., Ryan, A., Yazzie, D., Manning, C., Ettestad, P., Rollin, P., Knust, B., 2017. Exposure Characteristics of Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 23, 733–739.
Milholland, M.T., Castro-Arellano, I., Arellano, E., Nava-García, E., Rangel-Altamirano, G., Gonzalez-Cozatl, F.X., Suzán, G., Schountz, T., González-Padrón, S., Vigueras, A., Rubio, A. V., Maikis, T.J., Westrich, B.J., Martinez, J.A., Esteve-Gassent, M.D., Torres, M., Rodriguez-Ruiz, E.R., Hahn, D., Lacher, T.E., 2017. Species identity supersedes the dilution effect concerning hantavirus prevalence at sites across Texas and México. ILAR J. 58, 401–412.
Milholland, M.T., Castro-Arellano, I., Suzán, G., Garcia-Peña, G.E., Lee, T.E., Rohde, R.E., Alonso Aguirre, A., Mills, J.N., 2018. Global Diversity and Distribution of Hantaviruses and Their Hosts. Ecohealth 15, 163–208.
Mulyono, A., Ristiyanto, Handayani, F.D., Susanti, L., Raharjo, J., 2017. Catatan baru reservoir Hantavirus dari Provinsi Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Vektora 9, 51–58.
Musser, G.G., 2014. A Systematic Review of Sulawesi Bunomys (Muridae, Murinae) with the Description of Two New Species . Bull. Am. Museum Nat. Hist. 392, 1–313.
Musser, G.G., Durden, L.A., 2014. Morphological and Geographic Definitions of the Sulawesian Shrew Rats Echiothrix leucura and E. centrosa (Muridae, Murinae), and Description of a New Species of Sucking Louse (Phthiraptera: Anoplura) . Bull. Am. Museum Nat. Hist. 391, 1–87.
Muyangwa, M., Martynova, E. V., Khaiboullina, S.F., Morzunov, S.P., Rizvanov, A.A., 2015. Hantaviral proteins: Structure, functions, and role in hantavirus infection. Front. Microbiol. 6, 1–10.
Odal, M., Nemeth, V., Madai, M., Reka, P., Kemenesi, G., Dallos, B., Kutas, A., Sebok, J., Horvath, G., Banyai, K., Jakab, F., 2014. Serosurvey of pathogenic hantaviruses among forestry workers in Hungary. IJOMEH 27, 766–773.
Raharinosy, V., Olive, M.M., Andriamiarimanana, F.M., Andriamandimby, S.F., Ravalohery, J.P., Andriamamonjy, S., Filippone, C., Rakoto, D.A.D., Telfer, S., Heraud, J.M., 2018. Geographical distribution and relative risk of Anjozorobe virus (Thailand orthohantavirus) infection in black rats (Rattus rattus) in Madagascar. Virol. J. 15, 1–11.
Rubio, A. V., Castro-Arellano, I., Mills, J.N., List, R., Ávila-Flores, R., Suzán, G., 2017. Is species richness driving intra- and interspecific interactions and temporal activity overlap of a hantavirus host? An experimental test. PLoS One 12, 1–19.
Sadkowska-Todys, M., Dudek-Godeau, D., Kamińska, S., Baumann-Popczyk, A., Czerwiński, M., Kucharczyk, B., Zieliński, A., 2015. Occurrence and maintenance of hantavirus infections among rodent populations in their natural habitat--results of a field study from Podkarpackie province, Poland 2010-2012. Przegl. Epidemiol. 69, 283-288,395-399.
Santoso, S., Salim, M., Suryaningtyas, N.H., 2018. Distribusi Jenis Tikus yang Terkonfirmasi sebagai Reservoir Hantavirusdi Provinsi Sumatera Selatan. Bul. Penelit. Kesehat. 46, 191–198.
Saylors, K.E., Mouiche, M.M., Lucas, A., McIver, D.J., Matsida, A., Clary, C., Maptue, V.T., Euren, J.D., LeBreton, M., Tamoufe, U., 2020. Market characteristics and zoonotic disease risk perception in Cameroon bushmeat markets. Soc. Sci. Med. 268, 113358.
Schultz, A. a H., Journal, S., Feb, N., 2011. American Society of Mammalogists Review : [ untitled ]. Society 3, 59–63.
Tian, H., Yu, P., Cazelles, B., Xu, L., Tan, H., Yang, J., Huang, S., Xu, Bo, Cai, J., Ma, C., Wei, J., Li, S., Qu, J., Laine, M., Wang, J., Tong, S., Stenseth, N.C., Xu, Bing, 2017. Interannual cycles of Hantaan virus outbreaks at the human-animal interface in Central China are controlled by temperature and rainfall. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 114, 8041–8046.
Turner, R.W., Soeharto, P., Martoprawiro, S., 1975. Dynamics of the plague transmission cycle in Central Java (Ecology of mammalian hosts with special reference to Rattus exulans). Bul.Penel.Kesehatan 3, 41–71.
Vadell, M.V., Gómez Villafañe, I.E., Carbajo, A.E., 2020. Hantavirus infection and biodiversity in the Americas. Oecologia 192, 169–177.
Witkowski, P.T., Leendertz, S. a J., Auste, B., Akoua-Koffi, C., Schubert, G., Klempa, B., Muyembe-Tamfum, J.J., Karhemere, S., Leendertz, F.H., Kr??ger, D.H., 2015. Human seroprevalence indicating hantavirus infections in tropical rainforests of C??te d’Ivoire and Democratic Republic of Congo. Front. Microbiol. 6, 1–6.
Xiao, H., Huang, R., Gao, L.D., Huang, C.R., Lin, X.L., Li, N., Liu, H.N., Tong, S.L., Tian, H.Y., 2016. Effects of humidity variation on the hantavirus infection and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome occurrence in subtropical China. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 94, 420–427.
Zhang, Y.Z., Zou, Y., Fu, Z.F., Plyusnin, A., 2010. Hantavirus infections in humans and animals, China. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 16, 1195–1203
