Peningkatan Aksesibilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Dasar untuk Difabel di Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah

  • Aan Kurniawan Puslitbang Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan
  • Ajeng Kusuma Wardani Fakultas Ilmu Budaya- Universitas Halu Oleo
  • Tri Juni Angkasawati Puslitbang Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan - Badan Litbang Kesehatan
  • Mugi Wahidin Puslitbang Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan - Badan Litbang Kesehatan
Keywords: aksesibilitas pelayanan, pelayanan kesehatan, Difabel

Abstract

Exclusive operations in health services remains a common practice on primary health services in Indonesia, particularly in the First Level Health Facility. This form of services was incapable of covering the need for people with disability (PwD) towards adequate health services. Prerequisite facilities were not available nor accessible for the disabled in need of health treatment. This research was aimed at depicting friendly health services for people with disability at the Puskesmas level. This research looked at several factors, including the need for PwD, assessment of facility provision, evaluating policy support, also support from family and Disabled People Organisation (DPO) to ensure adequate services for PwD. This study is qualitative research with in-depth interviews, observations, and literature reviews, data collection methods. Research sites were three Puskesmas in Sukoharjo, Central Java. The result shows that PwD’s needs on primary health services in Puskesmas include physical accessibility, health worker’s ability to understand them and proper health insurance. DPO in Sukoharjo had actively supported disability rights. DPO and local government had also been working together in the improvement of health services for PwD. However, the three Puskesmas were in the process of improving their supporting facilities. The refurbishment followed building accessibility guidelines from the Ministry of Public Works. This study was a pilot project on inclusive primary health services in Sukoharjo.

Abstrak

Pola-pola non inklusif masih sering ditemui pada pelayanan kesehatan dasar di Indonesia, khususnya pada fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama (FKTP). Bentuk layanan itu tidak dapat mengakomodir kebutuhan difabel terhadap pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai. Kebutuhan seperti aksesibilitas fisik masih belum tersedia dan dapat diakses oleh difabel yang membutuhkan pelayanan kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari gambaran pelayanan kesehatan yang ramah bagi difabel pada tingkat Puskesmas. Penelitian ini melihat pada faktor kebutuhan difabel akan pelayanan kesehatan, mengevaluasi ketersediaan pelayanan kesehatan dan faktor dukungan kebijakan, serta melihat faktor dukungan dari keluarga dan organisasi difabel dalam memastikan kebutuhan difabel akan pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif. Penelitian dilaksanakan di tiga Puskesmas di Kabupaten Sukoharjo, Jawa Tengah. Data dikumpulkan dengan melakukan wawancara mendalam, observasi dan penelusuran literatur terkait. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan difabel pada pelayanan kesehatan dasar di Puskesmas meliputi aksesibilitas fisik, kemampuan petugas dalam memahami dan jaminan kesehatan yang tepat. Organisasi Difabel di Sukoharjo secara aktif mengadvokasi hak difabel kepada pemerintah setempat. Sinergi yang baik terbangun di antara kedua belah pihak dalam meningkatkan pelayanan kesehatan untuk difabel. Sarana dan prasarana penunjang yang lebih aksesibel masih dalam proses peningkatan pada ketiga Puskesmas yang menjadi fokus dalam penelitian ini. Pembangunan tersebut dilakukan dengan mengikuti petunjuk teknis aksesibilitas gedung. Ini merupakan pilot project pembangunan Puskesmas ramah-difabel di Sukoharjo.

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Published
2020-10-09