Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Pernikahan Dini di Beberapa Etnis Indonesia

  • Sri Handayani Puslitbang Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan Badan Litbang Kemenkes
  • Syarifah Nuraini Puslitbang Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan, Badan Litbangkes
  • Rozana Ika Agustiya Puslitbang Humaniora dan Manajemen Kesehatan, Badan Litbangkes
Keywords: Early marriage, adolescent, influencing factors, ethnic groups

Abstract

Early marriage is still a severe problem in Indonesia. One out of nine women in Indonesia is married before eighteen.  It occurs almost in all over provinces in Indonesia. There are 23 provinces where the prevalence of early marriage is higher than the national  data. This article aims to determine factors that cause early marriage in several ethnic groups in Indonesia. This study reviews the Ethnographic Health Research book series in the Lampung, Sasak and Bugis ethnic groups. Pierre Bourdieu’s theory was used to analyze the phenomenon of early marriage. Bourdieu divides this theory of social practice into three interrelated parts: habitus, arena, and capital. The existence of customary rules, patriarchal systems, modernization and applicable formal laws, namely marriage laws, affect the habitus of early marriage actors. Weak economic, cultural and social capital also encourages individuals to marry earlier. In conclusion, the relationship between habits, The involvement of the capital owned by adolescent  or their families influences the decision to have an early marriage. The prevention of early marriage needs mutual interactions by both  structural and cultural conditions of the community. The role of traditional and religious leaders also needs to be optimized in preventing early marriage. It is also necessary to strengthen the implementation of the law that regulates the minimum age for marriage.

Abstrak

Pernikahan dini masih menjadi masalah yang serius dihadapi oleh Indonesia. Satu dari sembilan perempuan di Indonesia menikah sebelum usia 18 tahun. Pernikahan dini hampir terjadi di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Terdapat 23 provinsi dengan prevalensi pernikahan dini lebih tinggi dari angka nasional. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor penyebab pernikahan dini pada beberapa etnis di Indonesia. Kajian literatur dari buku seri Riset Etnografi Kesehatan pada etnis Lampung, Sasak dan Bugis dipilih menjadi metode pada artikel ini. Untuk menganalisis fenomena pernikahan dini digunakan teori praktik sosial oleh Pierre Bourdieu. Bourdieu membagi teori praktek sosial ini menjadi tiga bagian yang saling berkaitan, yaitu: habitus, arena dan modal. Adanya aturan adat, sistem patriarki, modernisasi dan hukum formal yang berlaku yaitu undang-undang perkawinan mempengaruhi habitus pelaku pernikahan dini. Lemahnya modal ekonomi, kultural dan sosial juga turut mendorong individu melakukan pernikahan dini. Kesimpulan dari analisis tersebut adalah relasi antara habitus, arena dengan melibatkan modal yang dimiliki oleh remaja atau keluarganya mempengaruhi keputusan  untuk melakukan pernikahan dini. Upaya pencegahan pernikahan dini perlu dilakukan dengan memperhatikan kondisi struktur dan budaya masyarakat. Peran tokoh adat dan tokoh agama juga perlu dioptimalkan dalam mencegah pernikahan dini. Penguatan implementasi undang-undang yang mengatur batas minimum usia menikah juga perlu dilakukan.

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Published
2021-12-27