Faktor-faktor Determinan Perilaku Mencuci Tangan Setelah Masa ‘Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru’

Studi pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19

Keywords: cuci tangan, AKB, PSBB, COVID-19, Perilaku, New normal

Abstract

Changes in policies implemented in Indonesia before and after the New Normal policy affect the prevention habits that have been implemented by the community. Therefore, a study to determine factors affecting washing hands behavior after the implementation of the new normal policy during the COVID-19 period has been conducted in order to address this issue. This study uses two analyzes, the paired T-test which aims to determine whether there are differences in handwashing behavior among respondents before and after the new normal period, and a multivariate test using logistic regression analysis which aims to determine the factors that influence the lack of hand washing behavior. The results of this study's data analysis showed that there was a decrease in the number of respondents who had washed their hands well before and after new normal policy (73.75% to 67.75%). The results of the analysis also show that the lack of hand washing habits is related to factors such as education, intensity of seeking information related to COVID-19, have had positive for COVID-19, and anxiety due to information received. Meanwhile, age, gender, and income have no effect on this behavior. Hopefully, these results can be used as a foundation for the making of policies to improve health promotion and education on proper handwashing to targeted communities, such as people with low education level, rarely seek information, or are not anxious about COVID-19 disease. Image media can also be used to increase the interest of these targeted people towards information related to COVID-19.

Abstrak

Perubahan kebijakan yang diterapkan di Indonesia sebelum dan setelah kebijakan “New normal”/Adaptasi kebiasaan baru (AKB) dapat mempengaruhi upaya pencegahan penyakit di masyarakat. Informasi terkait perubahan perilaku masyarakat setelah diberlakukannya suatu kebijakan pemerintah sangat penting diketahui. Oleh karena itu, studi tentang faktor-faktor penentu kebiasaan mencuci tangan setelah diterapkannya kebijakan Adaptasi Kebiasaan Baru (“New normal”) AKB pada masa COVID-19 telah dilakukan untuk menjawab persoalan tersebut. Studi ini melakukan dua analisis yaitu uji beda dengan menggunakan uji T berpasangan yang bertujuan untuk menentukan apakah terdapat perbedaan perilaku mencuci tangan pada responden sebelum dan setelah masa adaptasi kebiasaan baru dan uji multivariat menggunakan analisis regresi logistik yang bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor yang berpengaruh pada kurangnya perilaku mencuci tangan pada responden. Hasil analisis data studi ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan jumlah responden yang tadinya mencuci tangan dengan baik pada masa sebelum adaptasi kebiasaan baru (73,75%) menjadi kurang baik di masa setelah adaptasi kebiasaan baru (67,75%). Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya kebiasaan mencuci tangan berhubungan dengan faktor-faktor seperti pendidikan, intensitas pencarian informasi terkait COVID-19, pernah positif COVID-19, dan kecemasan akibat informasi yang diterima. Sedangkan umur, gender, dan pendapatan tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku ini. Diharapkan hasil studi ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar untuk pengembangan kebijakan promosi dan edukasi kesehatan terkait kebiasaan cuci tangan yang benar terhadap orang-orang yang ditargetkan, seperti orang-orang dengan tingkat pendidikan rendah, jarang mencari informasi, atau orang-orang yang tidak khawatir terhadap penyakit COVID-19. Media gambar juga dapat digunakkan untuk meningkatkan ketertarikan masyarakat yang ditargetkan ini terhadap informasi terkait COVID-19.

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Published
2022-05-31