Faktor Risiko Hipertensi Pada Usia Produktif Di Indonesia Dan Upaya Penanggulangannya
Abstract
The prevalence of hypertension in the world is about 1.13 billion. Most people with hypertension are undiagnosed and unaware that they have it. The low level of medication in patients with hypertension affects uncontrolled blood pressure. The long-term effect may risk cardiovascular disease, kidney failure, stroke and even death. The study aims to determine the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and risk factors of hypertension toward productive age in Indonesia. The study design was cross-sectional with secondary data analysis from the Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 with the sample aged 15-64 years. The Chi-square test is applied to see the correlation between variables with p-values of 0.05 and 95%CI. The findings indicated hypertension prevalence (22.49%), awareness (10.60%), treatment (23.73%) and control (27.97%). Significant factors risk hypertension were obesity (PR 2.75; 95% CI 2.59-2.93), aged groups; 25-34 years (PR 1.51; 95% CI 1.35-1.68), 35-44 years (PR 3.52; 95%CI 3.17-3.90), 45-54 years (PR 7.89; 95% CI 7.11-8.77), 55-64 years (PR 13.36; 95% CI 11.92-14.97). Other variables showed no significant relationships. The variables such as low awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension for productive age increase the morbidity and mortality of non-communicable diseases in the future. Health screening efforts must be carried out by a routine blood pressure check for productive ages and optimizing the role of Integrated Non-Communicable Diseases Post (Posbindu PTM).
Abstrak
Prevalensi hipertensi di dunia sekitar 1,13 miliar. Kebanyakan penderita hipertensi tidak terdiagnosis dan tidak menyadari bahwa mereka menderita hipertensi. Rendahnya konsumsi obat pada penderita hipertensi membuat tekanan darah tidak terkontrol. Efek jangka panjangnya bisa berisiko penyakit kardiovaskular, gagal ginjal, stroke, bahkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi hipertensi yang diaganosis, pengobatan, terkontrol dan faktor risiko hipertensi pada usia produktif di Indonesia. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional dengan analisis lebih lanjut dari data Indonesian Family Life Survey (IFLS) 5 dengan sampel 15-64 tahun. Data dianalisis dengan uji chi-square untuk melihat hubungan variabel dengan p-value 0,05 dan 95% CI. Hasil studi menunjukkan prevalensi hipertensi (22,49%), awareness (10,60%), treatment (23,73%) dan control (27,97%). Faktor signifikan risiko hipertensi adalah obesitas (PR 2,75; IK 95% 2,59-2,93), kelompok umur; 25-34 tahun (PR 1,51; IK 95% 1,35-1,68), 35-44 tahun (PR 3,52; IK 95% 3,17-3,90), 45-54 tahun (PR 7,89; IK 95% 7,11-8,77) , 55-64 tahun (PR 13.36; IK 95%11.92-14.97). Variabel lain tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Rendahnya awareness, treatment, dan control hipertensi pada usia produktif akan meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit tidak menular di masa yang akan datang. Upaya skrining kesehatan harus dilakukan dengan rutin memeriksakan tekanan darah bagi usia produktif dengan mengoptimalkan peran Pos Binaan Terpadu Penyakit Tidak Menular (Posbindu PTM).
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