Perilaku Menghisap Darah dan Perkiraan Umur Populasi di Alam Nyamuk Potensial Vektor Filariasis di Desa Dadahup, Kabupaten Kapuas, Kalimantan Tengah
Behavior Blood Meal and Age Probability of Population in Nature of Potential Mosquito As Vector Filariasis in Dadahup Village Kapuas Regency, Central Kalimantan
Abstract
Abstract
Transmission assessment survey for filariasis was conducted in 2013 at Kapuas and found 17 positive in children which indicates transmission still occurs. This study aimed to determine the behavior and longevity of mosquitoes in nature have potential as filariasis vectors in Dadahup Village, Kapuas District. Mosquitoes were collected by human landing collection and dissecting. The results showed that the density of fluctuations Ma.annulata sucking blood peak at 18.00-19.00 and resting at 19.00-20.00 at outdoor, Ma. uniformist peak at 19.00-20.00 and resting at 22.00-23.00 at indoor, while An.barbirostris peak at 9:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. and resting at 3:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. at outdoor. Bloodsucking behavior and rest of Ma.annulata and An.barbirostris are exophilic and exophagic whereas Ma. uniforms is endophilic and endophagic. The estimated age of the population was 22.99 days for Ma.annulata, 16.58 days for Ma.uniformis, and 9.82 days for An.barbirostris. The estimated age showed that the mosquitoes could potentially become filariasis vector. The types of habitat sites found are ponds, puddles, ditches, and rice fields.
Abstrak
Survei evaluasi transmisi filariasis telah dilakukan tahun 2013 di Kabupaten Kapuas dan ditemukan 17 anak positif, hal ini mengindikasikan masih terjadi transmisi penularan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perilaku dan peluang umur nyamuk di alam yang berpotensi sebagai vektor filariasis di Desa Dadahup, Kabupaten Kapuas. Nyamuk dikumpulkan dengan metode umpan orang kemudian dilakukan pembedahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan puncak kepadatan Ma.annulata menghisap darah pada jam 18.00–19.00 dan istirahat pada jam 19.00-20.00 di luar rumah, Ma. uniformis pada jam 19.00-20.00 dan istirahat pada jam 22.00-23.00 di dalam rumah, sedangkan An.barbirostris pada jam 21.00-22.00 dan istirahat pada jam 03.00-04.00 di luar rumah. Perilaku menghisap darah dan istirahat Ma.annulata dan An.barbirostris bersifat eksofilik dan eksofagik, sedangkan Ma.uniformis endofilik dan endofagik. Perkiraan umur populasi nyamuk Ma. annulata 22,99 hari, Ma.uniformis 16,58 hari dan An.barbirostris 9,82 hari. Nyamuk Cx. bitaeniorhynchus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ma. annulata, Ma. uniformis bersifat eksofagik, sedangkan Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, dan An. barbirostris lebih bersifat endofagik. Perkiraan umur populasi Cx. bitaeniorhynchus adalah 26,33 hari, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus 30,96 hari dan Cx quinquefasciatus 28,82 hari, sehingga berpotensi sebagai vektor filariasis. Desa Dadahup terdapat jenis nyamuk dengan tipe habitat yang berpotensi sebagai vektor filariasis memungkinkan terjadinya transmisi filariasis.
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